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A1 · Sentence Structure

Question Formation

In English, questions are usually formed by placing an auxiliary verb (like do, does, is, or can) before the subject. This is very different from Turkish, where a question can be formed just by tone of voice or the suffix '-mi' — in English, the sentence structure itself changes.

İngilizcede sorular genelde bir yardımcı fiilin (do, does, is, can gibi) özneden önce gelmesiyle kurulur. Bu, sorunun sadece tonlama ya da '-mi' ekiyle yapılabildiği Türkçeden oldukça farklıdır — İngilizcede cümlenin yapısının kendisi değişir.

Doaux. verbyousubjectlike tea?verb+object

In a question, the auxiliary verb comes before the subjectSoruda yardımcı fiil özneden önce gelir

📐 Rule

Yes/No Questions
Evet/Hayır Soruları

  • Structure: Auxiliary + Subject + Main Verb...? — Do you like tea?
    Yapı: Yardımcı Fiil + Özne + Ana Fiil...? — Do you like tea?
  • The verb 'be' moves to the front by itself, without 'do': Are you tired?
    'Be' fiili kendi başına, 'do' olmadan öne gelir: Are you tired?
  • Use do/does in Present Simple and did in Past Simple: Does she work here? Did they arrive?
    Present Simple'da do/does, Past Simple'da did kullanılır: Does she work here? Did they arrive?

Wh- Questions
Wh- Soruları

  • Structure: Wh-word + Auxiliary + Subject + Main Verb...? — Where do you live?
    Yapı: Wh-kelime + Yardımcı Fiil + Özne + Ana Fiil...? — Where do you live?
  • Common wh-words: what, where, when, who, why, how, which, whose.
    Sık kullanılan wh-kelimeler: what, where, when, who, why, how, which, whose.
  • When asking about the SUBJECT, no auxiliary is needed: Who called you? (not 'Who did call').
    Özne sorulduğunda yardımcı fiile gerek yoktur: Who called you? ('Who did call' değil).

Questions in Present Simple
Present Simple'da Soru

  • For all subjects except he/she/it: Do + subject + base verb? — Do you play tennis?
    he/she/it dışındaki tüm öznelerde: Do + özne + fiil kökü? — Do you play tennis?
  • For he/she/it: Does + subject + base verb? (the verb does NOT take -s) — Does she play tennis? (not 'plays').
    he/she/it için: Does + özne + fiil kökü? (fiile -s EKLENMEZ) — Does she play tennis? ('plays' değil).

A Key Point to Remember
Dikkat Edilmesi Gereken Nokta

  • Once the auxiliary carries the question, the main verb returns to its BASE form: Does he work? (not 'Does he works').
    Yardımcı fiil soruyu taşıdığında, ana fiil KÖK haline döner: Does he work? ('Does he works' değil).
  • Sentences with 'be' don't use do/does at all: Is she a teacher? (not 'Does she is').
    'Be' fiili olan cümlelerde ayrıca do/does kullanılmaz: Is she a teacher? ('Does she is' değil).

✏️ Examples

  • Do you speak English?
    İngilizce konuşuyor musun?
  • Where do you live?
    Nerede yaşıyorsun?
  • Is she your sister?
    O senin kız kardeşin mi?
  • Does he play football?
    O futbol oynuyor mu?
  • What time does the train leave?
    Tren saat kaçta kalkıyor?

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  • ✗ Does she plays tennis?✓ Does she play tennis?
  • ✗ Where you live?✓ Where do you live?

📖 Reading Passage

~1 min read

Meeting Someone New

At the party, a stranger walked up to me and smiled. 'Hi, what's your name?' she asked. 'Do you live near here?' I answered her questions and asked some of my own.

'Where do you work?' I asked her. 'Does your job involve a lot of travel?' She explained that she works for an airline and travels almost every week.

We talked for almost an hour. 'Would you like to have coffee sometime?' she asked before leaving. I happily said yes, and we exchanged phone numbers.

Partide, bir yabancı yanıma gelip gülümsedi. 'Merhaba, adın ne?' diye sordu. 'Buraların yakınında mı yaşıyorsun?' Sorularını cevapladım ve kendi sorularımı da sordum.

'Nerede çalışıyorsun?' diye sordum ona. 'İşin çok seyahat gerektiriyor mu?' Bir havayolu şirketi için çalıştığını ve neredeyse her hafta seyahat ettiğini anlattı.

Neredeyse bir saat konuştuk. 'Bir ara kahve içmek ister misin?' diye sordu ayrılmadan önce. Mutlulukla evet dedim ve telefon numaralarımızı değiştirdik.

🧠 Test Yourself

📝 Mini Quiz

0/5

1. ___ you speak Spanish?

2. ___ does he live?

3. Does she ___ tennis?

4. ___ is your favorite color?

5. ___ your parents live nearby?

🔖 Summary — Quick Recap

(Wh-) + Aux + Subject + Verb?
  • Yes/No questions: Auxiliary + Subject + Verb? — Do you like tea?
    Evet/Hayır soruları: Yardımcı Fiil + Özne + Fiil? — Do you like tea?
  • Wh- questions: Wh-word + Auxiliary + Subject + Verb? — Where do you live?
    Wh- soruları: Wh-kelime + Yardımcı Fiil + Özne + Fiil? — Where do you live?
  • With does/did, the main verb goes back to its base form: Does she work? (not 'works').
    Does/did kullanıldığında ana fiil kök haline döner: Does she work? ('works' değil).

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