In English, nouns are divided into two groups: countable and uncountable. This distinction affects whether a noun can be made plural, which words can be used with it (like 'a' or 'much'), and even how the verb agrees with it in a sentence.
Countable nouns can be plural (apples); uncountable nouns stay singular (water).Sayılabilir isimler çoğul olabilir (apples), sayılamazlar tekil kalır (water).
📐 Rule
Countable NounsSayılabilir İsimler
- Countable nouns can be counted one by one and have both singular and plural forms: one book, two books.Sayılabilir isimler tek tek sayılabilir ve hem tekil hem çoğul hali vardır: one book, two books.
- They can be used with 'a/an' in the singular: a book, an apple.Tekil halde 'a/an' ile kullanılabilirler: a book, an apple.
- They can be used with numbers and 'how many': three chairs, How many books do you have?Sayılarla ve 'how many' ile kullanılabilirler: three chairs, How many books do you have?
Uncountable NounsSayılamaz İsimler
- Uncountable nouns cannot be counted one by one — they are usually substances, liquids, or abstract ideas: water, rice, love, information, advice, money.Sayılamaz isimler tek tek sayılamaz — genelde madde, sıvı ya da soyut kavramlardır: water, rice, love, information, advice, money.
- They are always treated as singular and never take a plural -s: 'information', never 'informations'.Her zaman tekil kabul edilirler ve asla çoğul -s eki almazlar: 'information', 'informations' değil.
- They are not used with 'a/an'. To show quantity, we use words like 'some', 'a lot of', 'a piece of', or 'a glass of': a glass of water.'A/an' ile kullanılmazlar. Miktar belirtmek için 'some', 'a lot of', 'a piece of', 'a glass of' gibi ifadeler kullanılır: a glass of water.
- They are asked about with 'how much': How much money do you have?'How much' ile sorulurlar: How much money do you have?
Plural Formation RulesÇoğul Yapım Kuralları
- Most nouns simply add -s: book→books, car→cars.Çoğu isim sadece -s alır: book→books, car→cars.
- Nouns ending in -s, -x, -ch, -sh, -o usually add -es: box→boxes, watch→watches, potato→potatoes.-s, -x, -ch, -sh, -o ile bitenler genelde -es alır: box→boxes, watch→watches, potato→potatoes.
- Consonant + y changes to -ies: city→cities, baby→babies. But vowel + y just adds -s: boy→boys, day→days.Ünsüz+y, -ies olur: city→cities, baby→babies. Ama ünlü+y sadece -s alır: boy→boys, day→days.
- Irregular plurals must be memorized: man→men, woman→women, child→children, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice.Düzensiz çoğullar ezbere öğrenilmelidir: man→men, woman→women, child→children, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice.
Possessive 'sİyelik Eki ('s)
- Add 's to singular nouns: the girl's bag.Tekil isimlere 's eklenir: the girl's bag.
- Add only an apostrophe (') to regular plural nouns ending in -s: the girls' bag.-s ile biten düzenli çoğul isimlere sadece apostrof (') eklenir: the girls' bag.
- Irregular plurals (children, men) still take 's: the children's toys.Düzensiz çoğullar (children, men) yine 's alır: the children's toys.
✏️ Examples
- I have two books on the table.Masada iki kitabım var.
- She gave me some advice.Bana biraz tavsiye verdi.
- This is my sister's car.Bu kız kardeşimin arabası.
- The children are playing outside.Çocuklar dışarıda oynuyor.
- There isn't much water left.Fazla su kalmadı.
⚠️ Common Mistakes
- ✗ I have many informations.✓ I have a lot of information.
- ✗ The mans are here.✓ The men are here.
📖 Reading Passage
~1 min readAt the Supermarket
Every Saturday, Maria goes to the supermarket with a long shopping list. She needs three apples, a dozen eggs, and two loaves of bread. She also needs some rice, a little sugar, and a bottle of milk.
Maria always checks how much money she has before she shops. Today she has only twenty dollars, so she cannot buy everything on her list. She decides to buy the vegetables first because her family needs them for dinner.
At the checkout, the cashier counts her items: five tomatoes, one bag of potatoes, and two bottles of water. Maria smiles because she has just enough money. She carries her bags home and starts cooking a big pot of soup.
Maria'nın büyük bir mutfağı var. Masada üç elma, iki yumurta ve biraz pirinç var. Fazla şekeri yok, o yüzden daha fazla almalı. Odada ayrıca beş sandalye ve bir küçük masa var.
Maria alışveriş yapmadan önce her zaman ne kadar parası olduğunu kontrol eder. Bugün sadece yirmi doları var, bu yüzden listesindeki her şeyi alamıyor. Önce sebzeleri almaya karar veriyor çünkü ailesinin akşam yemeği için onlara ihtiyacı var.
Kasada, kasiyer ürünlerini sayıyor: beş domates, bir torba patates ve iki şişe su. Maria gülümsüyor çünkü tam yeterli parası var. Poşetlerini eve taşıyor ve büyük bir tencere çorba pişirmeye başlıyor.
🧠 Test Yourself
📝 Mini Quiz
0/51. There is much ___ in my coffee.
2. I have two ___ on my desk.
3. This is my ___ car.
4. ___ are expensive these days.
5. How much ___ do we need?
🔖 Summary — Quick Recap
- Countable = can count one by one → has plural (book→books); use a/an, how many.Sayılabilir = tek tek sayılır → çoğulu var (book→books); a/an, how many kullan.
- Uncountable = no plural, no a/an (water, information); use some/a lot of, how much.Sayılamaz = çoğulu yok, a/an alınmaz (water, information); some/a lot of, how much kullan.
- Possessive: 's for singular, just ' for plural ending in -s.İyelik: tekilde 's, -s ile biten çoğulda sadece '.
- Irregular plurals must be memorized: man→men, child→children, foot→feet.Düzensiz çoğullar ezberlenmeli: man→men, child→children, foot→feet.